Dhallaanka ayaa ugu yaraan u nugul fayraska infalawansada, taasina waxay ugu wacan tahay jiritaanka difaac, taas oo ay ka heleen hooyada. Haddii hooyadu hayso difaac difaac ah, markaa khatarta qaadista hargabka ee ilmaha yar ayaa sii kordhaya. Hababka sirta ah ee looga hortago hargabka ma keenaan saameynta. Tallaalka carruurta ka hortagga infalawansadu waa habka ugu fiican ee looga hortago cudurkan. Ilaa hadda, tallaalada aan fir-fircooneyn ayaa loo isticmaalay ujeeddadaas.
Tallaalka hargabka
Vaksgripp - Tallaalka kala-go'ay (nadiifin aan nadiif ahayn) oo ay soo saartay shirkadda Faransiiska Pasteur Merri Connaught. Hal qiyaas daawo ayaa ku jirta ugu yaraan shan iyo toban micrograms oo ah fayruska H1N2 influenza A, 15 μg (aan ka yareyn) H1N1-influenza A fayraska hemaglutinin, 15 μg (aan ka yarayn) hemagglutinin nooca virus nooca influenza B. Waxaa intaa dheer, qiyaasta tallaalka waxaa ku jira mid yar qadarka rasmiga ah, gawracatada, raadinta neomycin iyo xalinta bukaanka.
Grippol waa tallaalka polymer-subunit tallaal (oo ay soo saartay Machadka Immunology, Russia, Moscow, Ruushka), kuwaas oo ka kooban anteenooyinka dusha sare ee A (H3N2 iyo H1N1) iyo hargabka B, sidoo kale waxaa ku jira antigens conjugated immunostimulant. Dhammaan arrimahan waxaa ku jira joogitaan xad dhaaf ah oo ka mid ah antigens si weyn u kordhiya tallaalka immunogenic ee tallaalka.
Fluarix waa tallaal hargab doofaareed ah oo la nadiifiyey, oo laga sameeyay Belgium (Smith Klein Beecham). Waxay ka kooban tahay shan iyo toban micrograms oo ah haemagglutinin walxo kasta oo ka mid ah fayruuska hargabka, sukrose, fosfaatka boogaha, raadinta formaldehyde iyo monthiolate (dhammaan noocyada waxaa lagu taliyaa WHO).
INFLUVAC , tallaalka infalawansada hargab ee aan laga helin ee laga soo saaray Netherlands (Solvay Pharma), waxaa ku jira antigensenada dusha sare ee neuraminidase iyo hemagglutinin, kuwaas oo ka soo jeeda noocyada muhiimka ah ee fayruuska hargabka, oo ay soo bandhigtay WHO, iyada oo la tixgelinayo xasilloonida fayraska.
Tilmaamaha isticmaalka
Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, tallaalka hargabka waa in la helaa dhammaan carruurta laga bilaabo da'da lix bilood, laakiin tallaalka waxaa ugu horreyn lagu sameeyaa carruurta halis ugu jira. Kuwani waa carruurta:
- oo leh cudurrada sambabada ee qaab dabadheeraad ah, oo ay ku jiraan bukaanka qaba neefta daran oo dhexdhexaad ah, bronchitis joogto ah;
- oo leh cudurrada wadnaha, gaar ahaan cudurada halbowlaha ee hemodynamic;
- helitaanka daaweynta difaaca jirka;
- oo leh dhiig baxa unugyada ama unugyada kale ee hemoglobinopathies;
- oo ay ku jiraan immunopathology, oo ay ku jirto infakshanka HIV;
- oo leh cudurrada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo kuwa kalyaha;
- bukaannada qaba sonkorowga macaanka;
- qaadashada asbirin mudo dheer, tan iyo markii uu hargabku jiro waxaa jira fursado ah in uu ku dhaco cudurka Down's syndrome.
Talaalka khasabka ah ee carruurta waxaa lagu qabtaa xarumaha xanaanada caruurta, guryaha caruurta iyo iskuulada la dhigto. Waa in la ogaadaa in tallaalkan la fulinayo oo kaliya marka la rabo iyo ogolaanshaha waalidka (marka laga reebo guriga ilmaha).
Jadwalka tallaalka
Tallaalka hargabka ayaa la qaadaa iyadoo aan loo eegin waqtiga sanadka, laakiin waxaa wanaagsan in la isticmaalo Sebtembar-Nofeembar (waqtigan xilliga hargabku wuxuu bilaabmayaa). Dadka qaangaarka ah, tallaalka aan nooleyn ayaa la mariyaa hal mar, carruurta waxaa la siiyaa laba jeer (inta u dhexeysa tallaalada, 30 maalmood gudahood).
Taxadarka iyo Khilaafaadka
Tallaalka infalawansada hargabka nool ee aan firfircooneyn ayaa ka horjoogsan dadka qaba dareen-celinta digaagga iyo bacaha ukunta. Infakshinka ba'an wuxuu noqon karaa mid ku meel gaar ah. Dadka qaba difaaca jirka waa la tallaali karaa tallaalka aan nooleyn ee loo yaqaan 'untended' sida waafaqsan xeerarka guud. Hase yeeshee, tallaalka kala-goynta kala-qaybsan (Fluarix, Vaxigrip), tallaal hoosaad (Agrippal, Influvac) ayaa lagu maamulaa oo keliya da'da lix bilood. Si loo badbaadiyo ilmo aan weli 6 bilood ahayn, dhammaan kuwa ku wareegsan ayaa la tallaalaa.
Tallaalka infalawansada ee carruurta qabta cudurada halista ah waxaa si gaar ah loogu sameeyaa tallaal hoosaad ah. Diyaargarasyada soo socda ayaa ku habboon: Tallaalka la kala-tallaalay ee kala-go'yada ah Influvac, Grippol, Vaxigrip, Fluarix.